Indian Treaties
Treaties in the Territory and state of Mississippi By 1837, virtually all Native land in Mississippi was ceded to the U.S., completing the legal groundwork for settlement.
| Treaty | Date | Tribe(s) | Land / Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treaty of San Lorenzo (Pinckney’s Treaty) | Oct. 27, 1795 | Spain–U.S. (not Native) | Set southern boundary at 31st parallel, cleared way for Mississippi Territory (1798). |
| Fort Adams | Dec. 17, 1801 | Choctaw | First Choctaw cession; land along lower Mississippi River (Adams & Wilkinson Cos.). |
| Fort Confederation | Oct. 17, 1802 | Choctaw | Additional Choctaw land cession east of Mississippi River. |
| Mount Dexter | Nov. 16, 1805 | Choctaw | ~4.1 million acres ceded across central MS, including Natchez Trace area. |
| Washington (Chickasaw) | Sept. 20, 1816 | Chickasaw | Ceded land in north Mississippi. |
| Doak’s Stand | Oct. 18, 1820 | Choctaw | ~5.5 million acres in central MS; first “exchange” for land west of Mississippi River. |
| Old Town | Sept. 25, 1826 | Choctaw | Further Choctaw cession east of Pearl River. |
| Dancing Rabbit Creek | Sept. 27, 1830 | Choctaw | Ceded ~11 million acres; first removal treaty under Indian Removal Act; Choctaws agreed to move west. |
| Pontotoc Creek | Oct. 20, 1832 | Chickasaw | Chickasaws ceded all remaining land in north MS; removal west promised. |
| Doaksville | Jan. 17, 1837 | Chickasaw & Choctaw | Chickasaws joined Choctaws in Indian Territory after failure to secure their own western homeland. |
Counties formed from several treaties.
| Treaty (Nation) | Date | Counties formed from the cession (year created) |
|---|---|---|
| Treaty of Doak’s Stand (Choctaw) | Oct 18, 1820 | Hinds (1821), Copiah (1823), Simpson (1824), Yazoo (1823). (Treaties) |
| Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek (Choctaw) | Sept 27, 1830 | Attala (1833), Bolivar (1836), Carroll (1833), Choctaw (1833), Clarke (1833), Coahoma (1836), Jasper (1833), Kemper (1833), Lauderdale (1833), Leake (1833), Neshoba (1833), Noxubee (1833), Oktibbeha (1833), Scott (1833), Smith (1833), Winston (1833), Yalobusha (1833); Tallahatchie (1833*). (Treaties) |
| Treaty of Pontotoc Creek (Chickasaw) | Oct 20, 1832 | Chickasaw (1836), DeSoto (1836), Itawamba (1836), Lafayette (1836), Marshall (1836), Panola (1836), Pontotoc (1836), Tippah (1836), Tishomingo (1836), Tunica (1836). (Treaties) |
| Treaty of the Chickasaw Council House (Chickasaw) | Sept 20, 1816 | Monroe (1821). (Avalon Project) |